Constitution of Malaysia - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 875 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/09/20 Category Business Essay Type Argumentative essay Did you like this example? CONSTITUTION OF MALAYSIA DEFINITIONS †¢ K. Ramanathan: prinsip-prinsip asas yang mengasaskan sesebuah negara, memastikan bagaimanakah sesuatu keputusan kerajaan itu akan dibuat, bagaimana kuasa akan diagih-agihkan antara institusi-institusi kerajaan, menetapkan satu kewibawaan ideal sesebuah negara itu dan memperkenalkan satu sistem pemerintahan seperti termaktub sama ada dalam undangundang, adat mahupun Majlis Piagam Perjanjian†. Malaysian Constitution consists of 3 list †¢ a. Federal List †¢ b. State List †¢ c. Federal and State List M ai n p r o vi s i o n i n t h e con st i t u t i o n L an g u ag e R el i g i o n ci t i z en sh i p sp eci a l p r i v i l e d g es p er s on al l i b er t i e s Malay Language †¢ In the Malaysian Constitution the provision for the Malay Language as the national language is recorded under Article 152, Section XII which underlines that: 2. The national language decided upon is the Malay Language. 3. Nobody wi ll be prohibited or hindered from using, teaching or learning another language. 4. The government has the right to maintain the use and learning of the language of any other community in the Federation. The Special Position of the Malays †¢ The Malaysian Constitution has a special provision under Article 153 that protects the special rights of the Malays and the Bumiputras of Sabah and Sarawak. The provision involves the special reservation for Malays and Bumiputras of quotas for; 2. Scholarships 3. Posts in the public service 4. Business and 5. Industrial licenses Religion †¢ Religion is provided for in Part 1, Chapter 3 of the Malaysian Constitution. The Constitution clarifies that; 2. Islam is the official religion of the federation, but other religions are allowed to be practised in peace and harmony in any part of the Federation. Article 1) 3. In states that have a ruler or sultan as head of state, the sultan or ruler is the head of Islam in the state concerned (Ar ticle 2). 4. For states without a sultan or ruler (Sabah, Sarawak, Malacca and Penang Island) and the Federal Territories (Kuala Lumpur, Labuan, Putrajaya) the head of Islam is the Yang Dipertuan Agong. (Article 3). Personal Liberty †¢ Citizenship is a special status held by the people who have the right to be in a country. This status gives rights, benefits and certain facilities. Some of the special rights a citizen obtains are: 2. The right to vote in an election 3. The right to take an active part in politics including contesting for an election seat. 4. The right to fill a post that is exclusively for citizens only. 5. Free to own landed property and to be considered for special terms relating to property development. 6. The right to receive a number of benefits and facilities in the country including, welfare benefits, education and so on. 7. Freedom of movement throughout the country. 8. The right not to be exiled Citizenship (ways of acquiring citizenship) A perso n can obtain citizenship status in Malaysia based on: †¢ Operation by law †¢ Registration †¢ Jus Sainguinis †¢ Naturalisation Operation by law †¢ The mother or father is a citizen at the time of his birth. †¢ At the same of his birth, the mother or the father has been residing in the country or †¢ At the time of his birth he was not a citizen of any country. Registration †¢ If the husband is a citizen in October 1962 or prior to that, and the marriage is still binding or †¢ The foreign women has lived in the Federation for two years before the application is made, has the intention to continue living in the Federation and is off good conduct. Jus Sanguinis †¢ His own father was born in Malaysia or †¢ His father holds a post in the Public Service at the Federal or State level or †¢ His birth was registered at the office of a Malaysian Consulate or with the Malaysian government within one year after his birth. Naturalizati on †¢ Aged 21 and above, and †¢ Have lived in the Federation for at least 10 out of 12 years from and up to the date of application, and †¢ Have the intention to live permanently in the country, and †¢ Of good conduct, and †¢ Have sufficient knowledge of the Malay language Loss of Citizenship Status †¢ He has become the citizen of another country. He is enjoying all the rights and facilities in another country †¢ A women becomes the citizen of a foreign country through marriage with a man from the country concerned. †¢ Acts negatively showing he is no longer loyal to Malaysia. †¢ Has business or ties with a hostile country. GROUP DISCUSSION †¢ Some are of the opinion that the constitution need not be amended because it is a document that is serious and has been carefully thought out during its drafting. What do you think? Give reasons for your views. †¢ What do you understand by the concept â€Å"Supremacy of the Constitutionâ € ? Explain the supreme features of the Malaysian Constitution. †¢ What do you mean personal liberty? Refer to the Constitution of the Federation of Malaysia and the practice of Parliamentary democracy in Malaysia, discuss the allowances and the limits of the freedom under discussion. References †¢ †¢ Hasnah Hussiin, Mardiana Nordin (ed), Pengajian Malaysia, Fajar Bakti Sdn. Bhd. , Kuala Lumpur, 2000. Tun Mohamed Suffian Bin Hashim, Mengenal Perlembagaan Malaysia, Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, Kuala Lumpur, 1987. Perlembagaan Malaysia. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Constitution of Malaysia" essay for you Create order

The Tragedy Of Othello By William Shakespeare - 1133 Words

The Tragedy of Othello, the Moor of Venice, is a play written by William Shakespeare between 1601 and 1604 in England. Shakespeare is a legendary author, poet, and play writer. He has wrote many plays like Romeo and Juliet, Hamlet, Macbeth, and King Lear Othello is about a black general by the name of Othello who is desperately in love with a young woman named Desdemona. They marry and attempt to build a life together, even though Othello is way older than she is, he’s black, and did not come from a rich background like she did. Their marriage is inevitably ruined by Iago, who persuades Othello to believe that his wife, Desdemona, is unfaithful. Jealousy is the underlying problem that persists throughout the entire play. Iago, Othello’s â€Å"right hand,† Iago, had been enraged with jealousy since the beginning of the drama. By the end of the play, Othello would now fall victim to the characteristics of being envious and jealous combined. Betrayal was also illust rated. Othello is the protagonist in the play. The play orbits around Othello s exploitation by Iago and his journey into a dangerous jealousy. What intrigues me the most is that we spend more time analyzing the dialogue of the antagonist, Iago, rather than the protagonist, Othello. Though Othello says very little in the play, the plot is still positioned on him, and more importantly, the annihilation of him. Othello is also a dynamic character. He changed dramatically since the beginning of the play. One must notShow MoreRelatedThe Tragedy Of Othello By William Shakespeare757 Words   |  4 Pages The Tragedy of Othello by William Shakespeare William Shakespeare uses many literary devices to enhance and provide greater complexity in his works. More specifically, the theme, symbolism, and dramatic irony are used to enrich Shakespeare’s The Tragedy of Othello. The plot is definitely engaging but the theme allows for an universal human correspondence, furthering the depth of the author’s message. The element of symbolism contributes to the theme of Shakespeare’s tragedy. Symbolism expressesRead MoreThe Tragedy Of Othello By William Shakespeare938 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"The Tragedy of Othello† is commonly considered one of Shakespeare s greatest tragedies and one of his finest works. In this play we see many literary devices at work. Several of these devices are involved in Iago’s deceitful plot against Othello that creates much suspense for the duration of the play. In â€Å"The Tragedy of Othello,† William Shakespeare uses symbolism, irony, and tone to create this classic drama . Symbols are central to understanding â€Å"Othello† as a play. There are two significantRead MoreThe Tragedy Of Othello By William Shakespeare Essay1537 Words   |  7 PagesDrake Usher Ms. Zamanis Honors English II March 18, 2016 Othello Essay â€Å"The Tragedy of Othello,† by William Shakespeare, is about the tragic downfall of a once great man named Othello by the manipulation of Iago, the antagonist of the story. However, a deeper meaning of Othello could be â€Å"[It] is a tragedy of incomprehension, not at the level on intrigue but at the deepest level of human dealings. No one in Othello come to understand himself or anyone else.† It is debated on whether or not this isRead MoreThe Tragedy Of Othello By William Shakespeare Essay1418 Words   |  6 Pagesentertainment through their literature since the first known published work. However, for many centuries the writer has also been seen to have a diagnostic function, scrutinizing the ills of their society and portraying them for the world to see. William Shakespeare, 1564-1616, was an English playwright, poet and actor, widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world s most distinguished dramatist. His surviving works, incl uding some collaborations, consist of about 38 playsRead MoreThe Tragedy Of Othello By William Shakespeare1141 Words   |  5 Pages2 Hr 16 December 2014 Othello Essay The Tragedy of Othello The renowned play of Othello was written by William Shakespeare in the 17th century. The drama follows the life of Othello, a well-respected and admired Venetian general, and the lie he gets tangled up in. Othello is deceived by his â€Å"trustworthy† friend, Iago, who confidently convinces Othello that his honest wife, Desdemona, committed infidelity upon him with his honorable lieutenant, Cassio. At the start, Othello doesn’t quite believe IagoRead MoreThe Tragedy Of Othello By William Shakespeare1737 Words   |  7 PagesThe Tragedy of Othello the: Moor of Venice was written by William Shakespeare, and it is only one of countless notable plays he wrote. A reoccurring theme in Othello is jealousy brought on usually by deception; throughout the play people often hide their true intentions and are not always what they appear to be like W.H Auden said â€Å"There s always another story. There s more than meets the eye.† The relationships Iago built on manipulatio n, lies, and false promises were a crucial part of the play;Read MoreThe Tragedy Of Othello By William Shakespeare998 Words   |  4 Pages The Tragedy of Othello: The Moor of Venice is William Shakespeare’s play, written around sixteen hundreds. The Tragedy of Othello is not just a story of jealousy; this is a tragedy of the clash of two worlds. One of them is a world of absolute cynic, manipulate or Iago; the second world is the world of all the other characters in the tragedy, including, possibly, even Othello. Even though both of the main male characters, Iago and Othello, are murderers, they have different types of charactersRead MoreThe Tragedy Of Othello By William Shakespeare864 Words   |  4 PagesIn the play The Tragedy of Othello, The Moor of Venice by William Shakespeare, Emilia is portrayed as a women who doesn’t have enough self-confidence. She does many awful misdeeds to please her husband, and hopes that he will give her some affection. She just want to make her husband happy. Emilia betrayed her lady Desdemona, because Lago asked for her handkerchief for a while and since she just dropp ed it, suddenly, Emilia thought that this was her opportunity to quickly grab it and make LagoRead MoreThe Tragedy Of Othello By William Shakespeare1854 Words   |  8 PagesThe play â€Å"The Tragedy of Othello, the Moor of Venice† by William Shakespeare is often listed among the greatest stories of tragedies which explores numerous controversial topics including Inter-racial marriage, racism, jealousy and revenge. While the titular character Othello is the protagonist of the story and definitely does occupy a large part of the play, the real focus of the play is on the ‘ingenuous’ Iago who makes everyone dance on his fingers and successfully manipulates them. The â€Å"Honest†Read MoreThe Tragedy Of William Shakespeare s Othello959 Words   |  4 Pagesthey have to deal with. According to dictionary.com, a struggle is defined as, â€Å"a forceful/violent attempt or effort to get free from restraint or contrition†. Some of these personal struggle s are more pronounced than other. From Othello, the tragedy by William Shakespeare, we can see how humans are faced with individual contentions, and their daily actions are ways and efforts of trying to free themselves. In the discussion below we consider Othello’s struggle with being different, gullibility, timidity

The Identity If an Individual within the Cultural Sphere

Question: How Do To Identity If an Individual within the Cultural Sphere? Answer: Introducation: The identity if an individual within the cultural sphere has been a matter of concern for numerous fields in social science. The concept of identity is there in all the present, past and future time frames. I am what I was in the past and both my past and present beings focus on the future being of me. This is also possible that one feels much disassociated from the past being and the future expectations of that identity seems to be conflicted. There are different senses of identities in a self; my feelings of identity when I am a home at 3 a.m. in the night might seem a lot different and pensive than my feelings of identity when I am at work at 3 p.m. Therefore, the scholars have recognized a distinct variation in the self and identity that constitutes the societal views of the individual self along with the unconscious and conscious sense of identity within the individual. The unconscious picture of the brain has been mostly drawn from the generalizations of past experiences, as th rough these brain connects among different modules (Van der Werff, Steg and Keizer 2013). Even if, the term self identity has been defined in so many methods across different disciplines, it has not been explained understanding each of the aspects. The question, Who are you? may sound simple, but it is a lot difficult when I am having a tough time in choosing words to define my personality. It is a complicated idea. When someone asks me to say something about myself, I mostly describe my family, hobbies, language, job, religious belief, nationality etc. However, ones moral belief and values cannot be understood from this information. That can only be explained by the individual. We all tend to develop an identity of the self that can distinguish one from others. Therefore, the society plays a crucial role in developing the definition of identity. As we can see in the past, in most of the historical cultures, being healthy and weighty was considered to be a symbol of wealth, when thin people were considered to be lower class. However, now television and media has focused o n being thin and the health conscious which lead the society to consider being thin more impressive and desired. Therefore, in developing the self identity, I may not avoid these societal notions. The Social Identity theory indicates that we tend to define ourselves by distinct social categories where we thing that we belong to such as political or social associations, nationality, language etc (Hogg 2016). Being an Australian or a native speaker of English language is a part of my identity. It helps to develop myself. The concept of social identity is a combination of perceptions and ideals of the social groups. However, there are two sides of the social identity, external and internal or we may say conscious and unconscious. Both the sides make self identity so tricky that we tend to think and act like the society wants us to do. These thoughts also hamper our sense of self esteem, as we tend to fee a higher self esteem when we are in out comfortable group, whereas we tend to feel a lower when we think that we are not being able to live up to the social mark. Therefore, we tend to develop our external self identity according to the societal norms. Prejudice and Discrimination Prejudice and discriminations are the rising issues in the modern society. Prejudice is a sense towards an individual that is defined on the basis of their specific affiliation to a certain group. The sense of discrimination can also be derived from this definition, as it is the sense of treating someone or making a particular distinction in the favour or against of the group, rather than focusing on his or her individual merit (Fishbein 2014). Being prejudiced is a mindset which relies on the unpleasant or negative stereotypes about the individuals or a group of individuals due to their religion, culture, ethnicity or gender. The discrimination and prejudice are very common both at the social and individual levels. We see numerous examples of these problems in our everyday life. On the basis of the prejudiced discrimination, there can be numbers of discriminatory judgment on different levels. Most of the time, we make stereotypical judgments on the basis of the appearance of someone . Gender discrimination is one of the major discrimination that we see in our everyday life. Most of the time, women are considered as the weaker sex who need protection from the difficulties of life. They are considered to be delicate and often victims of the emotional and physical abuse (Bar-Tal et al. 2013). When I was working in a retail outlet as a customer service executive, I have seen the women employees to be treated as weak and temporary employees. The management had never considered the women employees to compete in a difficult situation. Even today, most of the organizations do not want to promote women employees as they may not be as involved as the male employees due to their family responsibilities and pregnancy. Another discrimination is made by the prejudices society is the discrimination against the disabled people. People having mental or physical impairment are considered to be the victimized or the weaker ones. This is also an instance of direct discrimination wher e they are not treated equally even if they have individual merit. Not only these, there are numerous instances of racial discrimination and prejudice in the society, even if the in the multi racial society. Every day we experience some kind of discriminatory judgements in our surrounding. Attraction and Closed relationship Relationships, particularly the trustworthy and closed relationships are very significant to the psychological and social growth of an individual being. In such relationships, we tend to carve for emotional support, love and acceptance. These are human traits and we strive for such interpersonal relationship to fulfil the void in our lives along with making the sense of life through the experiences of caring, trust and sharing (Brees et al. 2014). During different phases of our lives, we come across some people who come as different experiences in our lives. In my high school, I met some interesting personalities in the classroom. I made friends with some of them. However, I used to hang out with several people, but I only developed a close friendship with two of them, Davis and Sarah. Scholars suggest that, interpersonal relationships can develop at different phases of life. My friendship with one of my childhood neighbour Betty had gone through different stages of life. We had experienced so many things together from childhood, it made our bond stronger. According to Knapps model, the interpersonal relationship goes through different stages such as initiating, experimenting, intensifying and integrating (Fox, Warber and Makstaller 2013). Therefore, we have crossed all these phases together, thus developed a stronger bond with time. However, with my other friends, Davis and Sarah, I also crossed those stages to develop a bond with them. While I joined the school, during the first initiating phase, we mostly talked about syllabus and living arrangements in the dormitory and gathered common information about each other. In the experimenting phase, we engaged ourselves in small talks and talked more about the common grounds. During the third phase we three developed a very close friendship as most of our subjects were same and we were taking classes together. We started sharing our personal thoughts and shared a common life together. Thus a personal relationship or a friendship grows through different stages of life References Bar-Tal, D., Graumann, C.F., Kruglanski, A.W. and Stroebe, W. eds., 2013.Stereotyping and prejudice: Changing conceptions. Springer Science Business Media. Brees, J., Mackey, J., Martinko, M. and Harvey, P., 2014. The mediating role of perceptions of abusive supervision in the relationship between personality and aggression.Journal of Leadership Organizational Studies,21(4), pp.403-413. Dugel, P.U., Abulon, D.J. and Dimalanta, R., 2015. Comparison of attraction capabilities associated with high-speed, dual-pneumatic vitrectomy probes.Retina,35(5), pp.915-920. Fishbein, H.D., 2014.Peer prejudice and discrimination: The origins of prejudice. Psychology Press. Fox, J., Warber, K.M. and Makstaller, D.C., 2013. The role of Facebook in romantic relationship development: An exploration of Knapps relational stage model.Journal of Social and Personal Relationships,30(6), pp.771-794. Hogg, M.A., 2016. Social identity theory. InUnderstanding Peace and Conflict Through Social Identity Theory(pp. 3-17). Springer International Publishing. O'Brien, K.S., Latner, J.D., Ebneter, D. and Hunter, J.A., 2013. Obesity discrimination: the role of physical appearance, personal ideology, and anti-fat prejudice.International Journal of Obesity,37(3), pp.455-460. Simpson, G.E. and Yinger, J.M., 2013.Racial and cultural minorities: An analysis of prejudice and discrimination. Springer Science Business Media. Tedeschi, J.T. ed., 2013.Impression management theory and social psychological research. Academic Press. Van der Werff, E., Steg, L. and Keizer, K., 2013. The value of environmental self-identity: The relationship between biospheric values, environmental self-identity and environmental preferences, intentions and behaviour.Journal of Environm

The History Boys free essay sample

Beyond the immediate, beyond being a play about coming of age and the value and nature of education, The History Boys is a play about the complexities and difficulties of being a human being. Bennett goes to lengths to explore and understand the trials and tribulations of his characters, and allow his audience too to understand the character’s troubles. It would appear Bennett’s goal is for his audience to learn and develop an understanding and empathy, not only for his characters, but also for humankind and to appreciate the intricacies of human nature. One of the most obvious examples here is the character of Hector who, being a man of ‘studied eccentricity,’ whose lessons are engaging and humorous and whose generally cheerful outlook make him an immediately likeable character. However, this view of Hector is challenged extremely early on when it is discovered he has a tendency to molest his students as they ride pinion with him on the way home from school. We will write a custom essay sample on The History Boys or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This leaves the viewer in an uncomfortable situation; one cannot help but like Hector though, at the same time, one does not wish to sympathise with a teacher who gropes his pupils. Unable to fit him into convenient boxes marked ‘Good Guy’ and ‘Bad Guy’ the audience’s views are challenged. This is furthered when Hector is called upon to explain himself, when justifying his actions to the headmaster, he says that the ‘transmission of knowledge in itself is an erotic act’ which makes it so much more difficult for the viewer to justify their affinity for Hector, here he seems selfish, vain, it is as if he is trying to say ‘any contact with me is the â€Å"transmission of knowledge,†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ ‘any contact with me is an â€Å"erotic act. †Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ This conversation has a significant effect on the reader. It demonstrates that Hector is deeply flawed as a character. Though this serves to make him a more well-rounded character, more developed, it does not detract from the issue of morals, in Mrs Lintott’s words, ‘a grope is a grope’ and motivations aside, it is simply unacceptable. So why does the audience still sympathise with Hector? When he is fired for his crime, because it is a crime, we feel he has been wronged. Well that’s just it. By presenting us a character who is so easy to like and yet so enormously flawed, Bennet demonstrates that is the nature of people that they cannot be seen simply in terms of good or bad but that Hector, like everyone, is a shade of grey. This idea of people as shades of grey is seen again in Irwin, whose feeling for the character Dakin demonstrate how different his word is from his deed. Irwin has been, thus far, a supremely confident character, who knows exactly what it is he wants to say, who will turn around and convincingly explain that the fourteen foreskins of Christ is a good subject on which to base an essay, but who, when confronted with life, reveals himself to be a nervous and uncertain character. During the scene where Dakin asks him ‘for a drink’ we see a side of Irwin yet unseen, his sentences are short and hesitant, he does not formulate an argument. While this can be largely attributed to his apparent sexual inexperience, especially when compared with Dakin, though equally it is important to realise that he is simply not that character he originally seemed, that his boisterous and know-it-all appearance was a facade to hide a real Irwin who does not have to courage to live as recklessly as his teachings would have you believe. Once again this incongruity between what he preaches and his practice make him a believable and developed character, one who the audience can sympathise with, especially as some could argue the insensitive, arrogant and ‘amoral’ Irwin we have seen previously does not invoke any sympathy from the audience. Once more, by presenting us with characters as real as we are, Bennett encourages his audience to empathise with people and understand the messiness of who we are. Finally, a third character who embodies this idea is dear old Posner. From the beginning, Posner is shown to be something of an outsider to the lives of the other boys, Posner notes that because he ‘was late growing up’ he is ‘not included in this kind of conversation’ here referring to a conversation between Dakin and Scripps about being groped by Hector on the bike, combine this with his poignant and often darkly humorous and self-depreciating lines and the audience cannot help but sympathise with him. Which means that when we learn of Posner’s future, at the end of the play, it bears all the more impact.